정보검색(IR) 용어

정보검색 (Information Retrieval) 용어 정리

출처 : Modern Information Retrieval Glossary(http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~hearst/irbook/glossary.html)

알파벳 순서로 정리를 하였습니다.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

• Ad hoc retrieval
  standard retrieval task in which the user specifies his information need through a queru witch initiates a search (executed by the information system) for documents which are likely to be relevant to the user.
• All-pairs or spatial-join query
  q auery that requests all the pairs of objects that are within the specified distance from their partner.
• Amdahl's law
  Using N processors, the maximal speedup S obtainable for a given problem is related to f, the fraction of the problem that must be computed sequentially. The relationship is given by: S_N <= 1/(f + (1-f)/N) <= 1/f.
• ASCII
  Standard binary codes to represent occidental characters in one byte.

B

• Belief network
  a probabilistic model of document retrieval based on interpreting documents, user queries, and index terms as nodes of a Bayesian network. This model is distinct from the inference network model.
• Bit-parallelism
  a speed-up technique based on exploiting the fact that the processor performs some operations in parallel over all the bits of the computer word.
• Block addressing
  a technique used to reduce the size of the lists of occurrences by pointing to text blocks instead of exact positions.
• Boolean model
  a classic model of document retrieval based on classic set theory.
• Browsing
  interactive task in which the user is more interested in exploring the document collection than in retrieving documents which satisfy a specific information need.

C

• CACM collection
  a reference collection composed of all the 3204 articles published in the Communications of the ACM from 1958 to 1979.
• CISI collection
  a reference collection composed of 1460 documents selected from a previous collections assembled at ISI.
• Clustering
  the grouping of documents which satisfy a set of common properties. The aim is to assemble together documents which are related among themselves. Clustering can be used, for instance, to expand a user query with new and related index terms.
• Coding
  the substitution of text symbols by numeric codes with the aim of encrypting or compressing text.
• Collection
  a group of items, often documents. In (digital) libraries this designates all the works included, usually selected based on a collection management plan.
• Compression of text
  the study of techniques for representing text in fewer bytes or bits.
• Content-based query
  query exploiting data content.
• Conversion
  changing from one form to another, as in converting from analog to digital (also called "digitization"), or paper to online (as in "retrospective conversion" of a card catalog to an online catalog, or old books to scanned images.
• Cystic Fibrosis collection
  a reference collection composed of 1239 documents indexed with the term cystic fibrosis in the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE database.

D

• DLITE
  a retrieval system which splits functionality in two parts: control of the search process and display of the results.
• DLI
  Digital Libraries Initiative, a program of the US National Science Foundation, for research and development related to digital libraries, which began with $24M of funding split across 6 universities for 1994-98, and which will continue from 1998 onward with roughly double that amount of support.
• DTD
  Document Type Definition: SGML definition for a markup language.
• Data cartridge
  data structure and associated methods to represent and query a particular multimedia data type.
• Data mining
• Data retrieval
• Database industry
• Database producers
• Database vendors
• Digital library
• Digital object
• Digital preservation
• Directory
• Distributed computing
• Distributed information retrieval

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z